Adult Hydrocele
Introduction
A hydrocele is a collection of fluid in a sac in the scrotum. Each testicle is surrounded by a sac, which lies within the scrotum. A hydrocele often feels like a small balloon, which is filled with water. In most cases, one notices a painless swelling in the scrotum. Hydroceles often occur on one side of the scrotum but can also involve both sides. They vary in sizes from small ones, which are only discovered when your doctor examines you to large swellings, which may cause discomfort.
What causes a hydrocele?
Most hydroceles develop for no apparent reason in men under 40 years,
Rarely are hydroceles caused by infection, injury in the scrotum or tumors.
Occasionally, hydroceles involving both sides of the scrotum may be seen in individuals who are retaining fluid in their bodies due to kidney or heart disease.
What are the options of treatment for a hydrocele?
Most hydroceles do not require treatment except when they are large and/or causing discomfort. The options for treatment include:
Watchful waiting involves doing nothing. A hydrocele, which is not getting large and is not causing discomfort or embarrassment to the individual, can be left alone.
Aspiration and sclerotherapy involves draining the hydrocele with a needle followed by injection of a chemical that closes the space and prevents future collection of fluid. This option may be considered in persons who do not prefer surgery or who are not physically fit for surgery.
Hydrocele repair: Surgery of the hydrocele involves draining the water in the sac around the testicles and then closing the space to prevent future collection.
What to expect during hydrocele surgery?
Hydrocele surgery is usually performed under local, spinal or general anesthesia. Your doctor will discuss with you the options considering your general condition. In case of local anesthesia, the doctor will inject a small needle at the base of the scrotum. This anesthetic injection is often adequate for performing the surgery.
In case of spinal anesthesia, the doctor will inject the anesthetic medication on your back along the spine. This then blocks all sensation from your waistline downwards.
General anesthesia involves putting you to sleep and waking you up when the surgery is complete.
What are the risks and complications of hydrocele surgery?
Hydrocele surgery is generally safe. Some of the risk of hydrocele surgery include:
- Bleeding
- Infections
- Recurrence of hydrocele